🌍 100 Important Historical Facts (World & India)
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🏛️ Ancient & Medieval History
1. 19 December marks several turning points in ancient and medieval history.
2. In 324 AD, Roman Emperor Constantine defeated Licinius at the Battle of Chrysopolis.
3. This victory made Constantine the sole ruler of the Roman Empire.
4. The Battle of Chrysopolis played a major role in establishing Constantinople.
5. Constantine later promoted Christianity across the empire.
6. In 1154, King Henry II was crowned King of England.
7. Henry II laid the foundations of English common law.
8. His reign strengthened royal authority in England.
9. In 1336, the Vijayanagara Empire was founded (traditional accounts connect events around this period).
10. Medieval trade routes expanded significantly during this era.
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👑 European History
11. In 1606, the Virginia Company settlers departed England for the New World.
12. These settlers later helped establish Jamestown.
13. In 1686, Sir Edmund Andros became Governor of New England.
14. His rule was unpopular among colonists.
15. In 1777, George Washington’s army went into winter quarters at Valley Forge.
16. Valley Forge became a symbol of American perseverance.
17. In 1792, France abolished the monarchy (events around December marked consolidation).
18. Revolutionary France entered a new republican phase.
19. European monarchies closely watched the French Revolution.
20. Democratic ideas spread across Europe.
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🇺🇸 American History
21. In 1778, George Rogers Clark recaptured Vincennes from the British.
22. This strengthened American control in the Midwest.
23. In 1842, the First Afghan War (British-American diplomatic era context).
24. In 1861, during the American Civil War, skirmishes intensified.
25. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant as Lieutenant General.
26. Grant later led the Union to victory.
27. In 1903, the first American movie censorship board was established (around this time).
28. The Progressive Era brought reforms.
29. Industrial growth shaped US society.
30. Immigration increased rapidly.
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🇮🇳 Indian History
31. In 1843, British annexation of Sindh had long-term effects felt in later years.
32. British administration expanded in India during the 19th century.
33. Indian reform movements gained strength.
34. Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s ideas influenced later reforms.
35. Indian education policies expanded under colonial rule.
36. In 1911, Delhi became the capital of British India (December decisions).
37. Indian nationalism was rising rapidly.
38. The Indian National Congress grew in influence.
39. Freedom movements gained mass support.
40. Revolutionary activities increased across India.
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🌏 World History
41. In 1915, the Battle of Verdun preparations were underway.
42. World War I reshaped global politics.
43. In 1919, Britain passed laws impacting colonies.
44. Nationalist movements rose worldwide.
45. In 1921, the Anglo-Irish Treaty debates shaped Ireland’s future.
46. In 1932, BBC began regular television broadcasting experiments (around this period).
47. Technology advanced rapidly between wars.
48. Radio became a powerful communication tool.
49. International diplomacy evolved.
50. The League of Nations was active.
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⚔️ World War II
51. In 1941, Adolf Hitler took direct command of the German Army.
52. This decision followed major setbacks on the Eastern Front.
53. World War II expanded across continents.
54. The Pacific War intensified in December 1941.
55. Allied coordination increased.
56. Resistance movements grew in Europe.
57. Wartime propaganda influenced public opinion.
58. Scientific research accelerated.
59. Radar and code-breaking improved.
60. The war shaped the modern world order.
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🌐 Post-War & Modern History
61. In 1946, French Indochina War escalated.
62. Cold War tensions began rising.
63. In 1956, Britain withdrew from Sudan (December developments).
64. Decolonization spread across Asia and Africa.
65. In 1961, Goa was liberated from Portuguese rule (December 19).
66. Goa officially became part of India.
67. This marked the end of Portuguese colonial rule in India.
68. Goa later became a full state in 1987.
69. India strengthened territorial unity.
70. December 19 is celebrated as Goa Liberation Day.
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🧪 Science, Technology & Culture
71. In 1968, the first supersonic passenger jet Concorde began trials.
72. Space exploration advanced rapidly in the 1960s.
73. In 1972, Apollo missions’ legacy influenced science.
74. Computers began entering daily life.
75. The internet’s foundation was laid in the late 20th century.
76. Medical science advanced with new vaccines.
77. Environmental movements gained strength.
78. UNESCO expanded cultural preservation.
79. Global education access improved.
80. Scientific collaboration increased.
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🌍 International Relations & Economy
81. In 1984, China and the UK signed agreements affecting Hong Kong.
82. Global trade expanded after the Cold War.
83. In 1997, international climate talks gained momentum.
84. The European Union expanded cooperation.
85. Globalization accelerated.
86. Digital economy emerged.
87. Social media reshaped communication.
88. International institutions gained importance.
89. Peacekeeping missions expanded.
90. Human rights discussions intensified.
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🎭 Culture, Sports & Society
91. December 19 is associated with cultural milestones worldwide.
92. Literature and arts flourished in modern times.
93. Cinema became a global medium.
94. Sports events unified nations.
95. Education reforms shaped societies.
96. Women’s rights movements strengthened.
97. Youth movements influenced politics.
98. Technology changed lifestyles.
99. Global awareness increased.
100. 19 December remains a significant date, especially for India due to Goa Liberation Day.
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📌 Tip for Exams:
👉 Remember 19 December = Goa Liberation Day (1961) – a very important fact for SSC, Banking, Railways, State PSC & UPSC.
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📝 MCQ QUIZ
📅 19 December – History On This Day
🌍 India & World History
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1. In 324 AD, which Roman ruler defeated Licinius at the Battle of Chrysopolis?
A. Augustus
B. Nero
C. Constantine
D. Trajan
✅ Answer: C
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2. The Battle of Chrysopolis made Constantine the:
A. Governor of Rome
B. Military commander
C. Sole ruler of the Roman Empire
D. Senate leader
✅ Answer: C
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3. Constantine is best known in history for:
A. Ending slavery
B. Expanding Roman Senate
C. Promoting Christianity
D. Destroying Constantinople
✅ Answer: C
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4. Who was crowned King of England in 1154?
A. Henry I
B. Henry II
C. Richard I
D. John
✅ Answer: B
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5. Henry II is associated with the development of:
A. Magna Carta
B. Parliamentary democracy
C. English Common Law
D. Feudal taxation
✅ Answer: C
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6. In 1777, George Washington’s army went into winter quarters at:
A. Yorktown
B. Boston
C. Valley Forge
D. Gettysburg
✅ Answer: C
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7. Valley Forge is associated with which war?
A. American Civil War
B. World War I
C. American Revolutionary War
D. Napoleonic Wars
✅ Answer: C
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8. Who became Governor of New England in 1686?
A. John Winthrop
B. Sir Edmund Andros
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. William Penn
✅ Answer: B
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9. Sir Edmund Andros’ rule was mainly:
A. Democratic
B. Popular
C. Authoritarian
D. Revolutionary
✅ Answer: C
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10. Which empire was founded in 1336 in South India?
A. Mughal Empire
B. Maurya Empire
C. Chola Empire
D. Vijayanagara Empire
✅ Answer: D
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11. In 1911, which city became the capital of British India?
A. Calcutta
B. Bombay
C. Delhi
D. Lahore
✅ Answer: C
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12. The rise of Indian nationalism in the early 20th century led to the growth of:
A. Muslim League only
B. Home Rule Movement only
C. Indian National Congress
D. Communist Party
✅ Answer: C
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13. Which global conflict reshaped world politics in the early 20th century?
A. Crimean War
B. World War I
C. World War II
D. Cold War
✅ Answer: B
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14. Adolf Hitler assumed direct command of the German Army on:
A. 7 December 1941
B. 19 December 1941
C. 1 January 1942
D. 15 August 1941
✅ Answer: B
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15. Hitler’s decision followed setbacks on which front?
A. Western Front
B. Italian Front
C. African Front
D. Eastern Front
✅ Answer: D
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16. Goa was liberated from Portuguese rule in:
A. 1947
B. 1956
C. 1961
D. 1965
✅ Answer: C
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17. The Indian military operation to liberate Goa was called:
A. Operation Trident
B. Operation Meghdoot
C. Operation Vijay
D. Operation Safed Sagar
✅ Answer: C
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18. Goa Liberation Day is celebrated on:
A. 15 August
B. 26 January
C. 19 December
D. 30 January
✅ Answer: C
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19. Goa became a full-fledged state of India in:
A. 1961
B. 1975
C. 1987
D. 1991
✅ Answer: C
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20. 19 December is historically important because it marks:
A. Only European revolutions
B. Only Indian freedom movement
C. Only scientific achievements
D. Major political, military, and cultural events worldwide
✅ Answer: D
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