Introduction: Assam Geography
Assam, located in the north-eastern part of India, is a state of immense geographical diversity and natural richness. It lies in the fertile basin of the Brahmaputra and Barak rivers and is known for its lush green plains, rolling hills, dense forests, wetlands, and abundant rainfall. Assam’s geography plays a vital role in shaping its climate, agriculture, economy, culture, and biodiversity.
The state is broadly divided into three physical regions—the Brahmaputra Valley, the Barak Valley, and the Karbi Anglong Plateau. These regions support fertile alluvial soil, making Assam one of India’s most productive agricultural areas, especially famous for tea cultivation, rice farming, and oil and natural gas resources. The presence of major rivers also makes the state prone to seasonal floods, which are both a challenge and a source of fertility.
Assam is globally renowned for its rich biodiversity and wildlife, with national parks such as Kaziranga and Manas, wetlands like Deepor Beel, and the world’s largest river island Majuli. Its strategic location, natural resources, and unique physical features make Assam geography an important topic for APSC, ADRE, SSC, TET, Police, and other competitive examinations.
This section on Assam Geography Facts and MCQs is designed to provide clear, exam-oriented knowledge to help students build a strong foundation in General Knowledge and Geography.
Below is a complete set of 50 Assam Geography Facts + 50 MCQ Quiz, prepared in an exam-oriented, unique and easy language, suitable for APSC, ADRE, Assam Police, TET, SSC, Railways & all competitive exams.
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🌿 ASSAM GEOGRAPHY – 50 IMPORTANT FACTS
1. Assam is located in the north-eastern part of India.
2. The capital of Assam is Dispur.
3. Guwahati is the largest metropolitan city of Assam.
4. Assam lies between 24°–28° North latitude.
5. Assam lies between 89°–96° East longitude.
6. The Brahmaputra River is the lifeline of Assam.
7. The Brahmaputra enters Assam from Arunachal Pradesh.
8. The Barak River flows through southern Assam.
9. Assam shares international borders with Bhutan and Bangladesh.
10. Assam shares boundaries with 7 Indian states.
11. Assam has three main physical divisions.
12. The Brahmaputra Valley is the largest physical division.
13. Karbi Anglong Plateau is a hilly region of Assam.
14. The Barak Valley is located in southern Assam.
15. Karbi Anglong is the largest district by area.
16. Dhubri is the westernmost district of Assam.
17. Sadiya is the easternmost town of Assam.
18. Assam has a humid subtropical climate.
19. Average annual rainfall is about 2000 mm.
20. Assam is rich in alluvial soil.
21. Rice is the staple food crop of Assam.
22. Assam is the largest tea-producing state in India.
23. The tea industry started in Assam in the 19th century.
24. Digboi has Asia’s first oil refinery.
25. Assam has significant petroleum and natural gas reserves.
26. Assam has about 35% forest cover.
27. Kaziranga National Park is famous for one-horned rhinoceros.
28. Manas National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
29. Dibru-Saikhowa is a Biosphere Reserve.
30. Assam has five National Parks.
31. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary has the highest rhino density.
32. The climate of Assam is influenced by monsoon winds.
33. Floods are common due to the Brahmaputra River.
34. Assam has rich biodiversity.
35. The state is part of the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot.
36. Assam has many river islands, including Majuli.
37. Majuli is the world’s largest river island.
38. The Subansiri is a major tributary of Brahmaputra.
39. The Kopili River flows through central Assam.
40. Assam has fertile floodplains.
41. Jhum cultivation is practiced in hill areas.
42. Assam produces jute and sugarcane.
43. The soil of Assam is suitable for tea plantations.
44. Assam has a rich wetland ecosystem.
45. Deepor Beel is a Ramsar Site.
46. Assam has important coal reserves.
47. The state has vast river-based transport potential.
48. Assam experiences earthquakes as it lies in a seismic zone.
49. Assam is connected to India by the Siliguri Corridor.
50. Geography plays a major role in Assam’s economy and culture.
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📝 ASSAM GEOGRAPHY – 50 MCQ QUIZ
1. Assam is located in which part of India?
A. Northern
B. Southern
C. Eastern
D. North-Eastern
✅ Answer: D
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2. The capital of Assam is:
A. Guwahati
B. Jorhat
C. Dispur
D. Silchar
✅ Answer: C
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3. The lifeline of Assam is:
A. Ganga
B. Barak
C. Brahmaputra
D. Teesta
✅ Answer: C
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4. Which river flows in southern Assam?
A. Subansiri
B. Kopili
C. Brahmaputra
D. Barak
✅ Answer: D
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5. Assam shares an international border with:
A. Nepal
B. China
C. Bhutan
D. Myanmar
✅ Answer: C
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6. The largest district of Assam by area is:
A. Nagaon
B. Karbi Anglong
C. Sonitpur
D. Dibrugarh
✅ Answer: B
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7. The easternmost town of Assam is:
A. Dibrugarh
B. Tinsukia
C. Sadiya
D. Dhemaji
✅ Answer: C
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8. Assam has how many physical divisions?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
✅ Answer: B
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9. Assam is the largest producer of which crop in India?
A. Rice
B. Wheat
C. Tea
D. Coffee
✅ Answer: C
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10. Asia’s first oil refinery is located at:
A. Numaligarh
B. Digboi
C. Bongaigaon
D. Duliajan
✅ Answer: B
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11. Kaziranga National Park is famous for:
A. Tigers
B. Elephants
C. One-horned Rhinoceros
D. Wild Buffalo
✅ Answer: C
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12. Manas National Park is a:
A. Biosphere Reserve
B. Tiger Reserve
C. UNESCO World Heritage Site
D. Wetland
✅ Answer: C
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13. The largest river island in the world is:
A. Umananda
B. Majuli
C. Dibru
D. Hajo
✅ Answer: B
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14. Average annual rainfall in Assam is about:
A. 1000 mm
B. 1500 mm
C. 2000 mm
D. 3000 mm
✅ Answer: C
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15. The most common soil type in Assam is:
A. Black soil
B. Laterite soil
C. Red soil
D. Alluvial soil
✅ Answer: D
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16. Deepor Beel is a:
A. Tiger Reserve
B. Ramsar Site
C. National Park
D. Hill Station
✅ Answer: B
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17. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for:
A. Elephants
B. Rhinos
C. Tigers
D. Birds
✅ Answer: B
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18. Which river is a tributary of Brahmaputra?
A. Godavari
B. Yamuna
C. Subansiri
D. Narmada
✅ Answer: C
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19. Floods in Assam are mainly caused by:
A. Cyclones
B. Earthquakes
C. Brahmaputra River
D. Drought
✅ Answer: C
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20. Assam lies in which seismic zone?
A. Zone II
B. Zone III
C. Zone IV
D. Zone V
✅ Answer: D
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Continuing the Assam Geography MCQ Quiz (Questions 21–50) as requested.
(Questions 1–20 were already given above.)
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📝 ASSAM GEOGRAPHY – MCQ QUIZ (21–50)
21. The Barak Valley is located in which part of Assam?
A. Northern
B. Eastern
C. Southern
D. Western
✅ Answer: C
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22. Which district of Assam is known for hill regions and plateau?
A. Dhubri
B. Nagaon
C. Karbi Anglong
D. Barpeta
✅ Answer: C
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23. Assam shares its longest international border with:
A. Bhutan
B. Bangladesh
C. China
D. Myanmar
✅ Answer: B
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24. The climate of Assam is mainly:
A. Desert
B. Mediterranean
C. Humid Subtropical
D. Tundra
✅ Answer: C
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25. Which crop is the staple food crop of Assam?
A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Maize
D. Millet
✅ Answer: B
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26. Jhum cultivation in Assam is mainly practiced in:
A. River valleys
B. Flood plains
C. Hill areas
D. Urban areas
✅ Answer: C
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27. Which of the following is a Biosphere Reserve in Assam?
A. Manas
B. Kaziranga
C. Dibru-Saikhowa
D. Orang
✅ Answer: C
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28. Which river island of Assam is famous worldwide?
A. Umananda
B. Majuli
C. Hajo
D. Sualkuchi
✅ Answer: B
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29. Assam is part of which biodiversity hotspot?
A. Western Ghats
B. Deccan Plateau
C. Eastern Himalaya
D. Indo-Gangetic Plain
✅ Answer: C
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30. The forest cover of Assam is approximately:
A. 15%
B. 25%
C. 35%
D. 50%
✅ Answer: C
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31. Which wildlife sanctuary has the highest density of one-horned rhinos?
A. Kaziranga
B. Manas
C. Orang
D. Pobitora
✅ Answer: D
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32. Which river flows near Guwahati city?
A. Barak
B. Kopili
C. Brahmaputra
D. Dhansiri
✅ Answer: C
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33. Deepor Beel is famous as a:
A. Hill station
B. Tiger Reserve
C. Ramsar Wetland
D. Plateau
✅ Answer: C
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34. Assam is connected to the rest of India by:
A. Konkan Corridor
B. Siliguri Corridor
C. Eastern Corridor
D. Coastal Corridor
✅ Answer: B
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35. Which mineral resource is found in Assam?
A. Gold
B. Petroleum
C. Copper
D. Diamond
✅ Answer: B
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36. The tea-growing region of Assam mainly lies in:
A. Barak Valley
B. Brahmaputra Valley
C. Karbi Plateau
D. Cachar Hills
✅ Answer: B
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37. Which of the following is a tributary of the Brahmaputra?
A. Son
B. Subansiri
C. Tapi
D. Kaveri
✅ Answer: B
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38. Assam experiences frequent floods mainly during:
A. Winter
B. Summer
C. Monsoon
D. Autumn
✅ Answer: C
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39. Which type of soil is most suitable for tea cultivation in Assam?
A. Black soil
B. Sandy soil
C. Alluvial soil
D. Laterite soil
✅ Answer: C
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40. Assam lies in which earthquake-prone zone of India?
A. Zone II
B. Zone III
C. Zone IV
D. Zone V
✅ Answer: D
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41. Which national park of Assam is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A. Orang
B. Manas
C. Dibru-Saikhowa
D. Nameri
✅ Answer: B
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42. The westernmost district of Assam is:
A. Goalpara
B. Barpeta
C. Dhubri
D. Kokrajhar
✅ Answer: C
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43. Assam has how many National Parks?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
✅ Answer: B
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44. The Kopili River is a tributary of:
A. Barak
B. Brahmaputra
C. Teesta
D. Subansiri
✅ Answer: B
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45. Floodplains of Assam are formed mainly by:
A. Barak River
B. Kopili River
C. Brahmaputra River
D. Dhansiri River
✅ Answer: C
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46. Assam’s economy is closely linked with:
A. Desert farming
B. River systems
C. Mining only
D. Coastal trade
✅ Answer: B
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47. Which area of Assam is rich in wetlands?
A. Hill districts
B. Plateau regions
C. Brahmaputra Valley
D. Karbi Anglong
✅ Answer: C
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48. Which district is famous for tea gardens?
A. Karimganj
B. Dibrugarh
C. Dhubri
D. Goalpara
✅ Answer: B
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49. The natural vegetation of Assam is mainly:
A. Desert scrub
B. Tropical evergreen and deciduous forests
C. Alpine forests
D. Thorn forests
✅ Answer: B
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50. Assam’s geography plays a vital role in its:
A. Literature only
B. Culture and economy
C. Language only
D. Architecture only
✅ Answer: B
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