Essay Writing for UPSC
Essay paper in 0 (UPSC) Mains carries 250 marks and often decides the final rank. It tests not just knowledge, but clarity of thought, balance, and maturity of expression.
Below is a practical, exam-oriented guide.
1. Understand What UPSC Expects
UPSC looks for:
- Clear thinking, not jargon
- Balanced and multidimensional views
- Logical flow
- Relevance to the topic
- Simple, effective language
No need to sound like a philosopher. Write like an informed, thoughtful administrator.
2. Essay Structure (Very Important)
Introduction (15–20%)
Purpose: Set direction and context
Good ways to begin:
- Definition or interpretation of the topic
- Current relevance
- Short anecdote or quote (only if it fits naturally)
Avoid long historical backgrounds.
Body (60–65%)
This is where marks are made.
Use multiple dimensions:
- Social
- Economic
- Political
- Ethical
- Historical
- Technological
- Environmental
You can use:
- Headings and sub-headings
- Flowcharts or simple diagrams (sparingly)
- Examples from India and the world
- Case studies, reports, constitutional values
Maintain balance. Do not tilt too much towards one side.
Conclusion (15–20%)
Purpose: Leave a strong final impression
Good ways to conclude:
- Way forward
- Optimistic vision
- Link with constitutional values
- Future-oriented note
Avoid repeating the introduction.
3. Types of Essays in UPSC
- Philosophical essays
- Social issues
- Governance and polity
- Economy and development
- Science, technology, and environment
- Ethics and human values
Prepare examples and viewpoints for each category.
4. Language and Presentation
- Write in simple English
- Short paragraphs (4–6 lines)
- Underline key phrases
- Maintain neat handwriting
- Avoid spelling and grammar mistakes
Remember: clarity beats complexity.
5. Time Management in Exam
- 10 minutes: Choose topic and brainstorm
- 60 minutes: Write the essay
- 5 minutes: Review and correct errors
Stick to the word limit (around 1000–1200 words).
6. Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Writing everything you know
- Ignoring the core demand of the topic
- Extreme opinions
- Too many quotes
- Poor conclusion
- Lack of examples
7. How to Practice Essay Writing
- Write one essay every week
- Get it evaluated by a mentor or peer
- Rewrite introductions and conclusions
- Maintain a notebook for:
- Quotes
- Case studies
- Current examples
- Thinkers’ ideas (very limited)
8. Final Tip
UPSC essay is not about brilliance.
It is about clarity, balance, and depth.