📘 Introduction: Geography of Assam
Assam, located in the north-eastern part of India, is a state known for its diverse and distinctive geographical features. It is often called the gateway to North-East India and plays a vital role in the region’s physical, economic, and cultural landscape. The geography of Assam is dominated by mighty rivers, fertile alluvial plains, low hills, plateaus, forests, and wetlands, which together shape the life and livelihood of its people.
The state is broadly divided into three major physical regions: the Brahmaputra Valley, the Barak Valley, and the Karbi Anglong Plateau. The Brahmaputra River, one of the longest rivers in Asia, is the lifeline of Assam and has a profound influence on agriculture, settlement patterns, and transportation. While it enriches the land with fertile soil, it also causes frequent floods and river erosion.
Assam experiences a humid subtropical monsoon climate, receiving heavy rainfall that supports rich biodiversity and dense forests. The state is famous for its tea gardens, petroleum resources, wildlife sanctuaries, and wetlands such as Majuli and Deepor Beel. Understanding the geography of Assam is essential for competitive examinations as it helps explain the state’s economy, environment, natural resources, and challenges.
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Here are 100 Assam Geography Facts — exam-oriented, crisp, and useful for ADRE, Assam Police, APDCL, APSC, SSC, and all competitive exams 📘🌏
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🌿 100 ASSAM GEOGRAPHY FACTS
1. Assam is a state in North-East India.
2. Assam lies between 24°–28° N latitude and 89°–96° E longitude.
3. The capital of Assam is Dispur.
4. Guwahati is the largest city of Assam.
5. Assam shares international borders with Bhutan and Bangladesh.
6. Assam shares interstate borders with Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya, and West Bengal.
7. The total geographical area of Assam is about 78,438 sq km.
8. Assam ranks 16th in area among Indian states.
9. The state is divided into 33 districts.
10. Assam has three major physiographic divisions.
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🏞️ Physiographic Features
11. The three physiographic divisions are Brahmaputra Valley, Barak Valley, and Karbi Anglong Plateau.
12. The Brahmaputra Valley is the largest plain of Assam.
13. The Barak Valley lies in the southern part of Assam.
14. Karbi Anglong Plateau is part of the ancient Peninsular Plateau.
15. The plateau separates the Brahmaputra and Barak valleys.
16. Assam has fertile alluvial plains.
17. Assam’s plains are formed by river deposits.
18. Floodplains are common in Assam.
19. Assam has low hills along its borders.
20. The state has rich natural vegetation.
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🌊 Rivers of Assam
21. The Brahmaputra River is the lifeline of Assam.
22. The Brahmaputra enters Assam from Arunachal Pradesh.
23. The Brahmaputra flows from east to west in Assam.
24. The Brahmaputra is known as Siang/Dihang in Arunachal Pradesh.
25. It is called Jamuna in Bangladesh.
26. The Brahmaputra is one of the longest rivers in Asia.
27. Assam has more than 100 tributaries.
28. Major north bank tributaries include Subansiri, Jia Bharali, Manas.
29. Major south bank tributaries include Kopili, Dhansiri, Burhidihing.
30. The Barak River is the main river of Barak Valley.
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🌧️ Climate and Rainfall
31. Assam has a humid subtropical climate.
32. Assam receives heavy monsoon rainfall.
33. Average annual rainfall ranges from 1500 mm to 3000 mm.
34. The monsoon arrives in Assam by June.
35. Assam has four seasons.
36. Summer season lasts from March to May.
37. Monsoon season is from June to September.
38. Winter season is from December to February.
39. Floods are common due to heavy rainfall.
40. Assam also experiences river erosion.
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🌾 Soil and Agriculture
41. Alluvial soil is the most common soil type.
42. Red and laterite soils are found in plateau areas.
43. Assam is an agriculture-based state.
44. Rice is the main food crop of Assam.
45. Assam grows three varieties of rice – Ahu, Sali, and Boro.
46. Assam is famous for tea cultivation.
47. Assam is the largest tea-producing state in India.
48. Tea plantations are mainly in Upper Assam.
49. Jute is grown in Lower Assam.
50. Mustard is an important oilseed crop.
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🌳 Forests and Wildlife
51. About 35% of Assam is under forest cover.
52. Assam has tropical evergreen and deciduous forests.
53. Assam is rich in biodiversity.
54. Kaziranga National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
55. Kaziranga is famous for One-Horned Rhinoceros.
56. Manas National Park is also a World Heritage Site.
57. Orang National Park is known as Mini Kaziranga.
58. Dibru-Saikhowa is a biosphere reserve.
59. Assam has several wildlife sanctuaries.
60. The state animal of Assam is the One-Horned Rhinoceros.
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🏔️ Hills and Plateaus
61. Karbi Anglong is the largest district of Assam.
62. Dima Hasao district is a hilly region.
63. Haflong is the only hill station of Assam.
64. Haflong is located in Dima Hasao district.
65. The Patkai Hills lie on Assam’s eastern border.
66. The Barail Range separates Assam from Manipur and Mizoram.
67. Hills in Assam are rich in minerals.
68. Limestone is found in Karbi Anglong.
69. Coal is found in Makum area.
70. Petroleum is found in Upper Assam.
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🌍 Miscellaneous Geography Facts
71. Assam has many wetlands (beels).
72. Deepor Beel is a Ramsar site.
73. Assam has river islands.
74. Majuli is the world’s largest river island.
75. Majuli is located in the Brahmaputra River.
76. Assam has frequent earthquakes.
77. Assam lies in Seismic Zone V.
78. Assam is part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
79. Assam has international river routes.
80. Inland water transport is important in Assam.
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🧭 Transport and Location
81. Assam is the gateway to North-East India.
82. National Highway NH-27 passes through Assam.
83. The Saraighat Bridge is over the Brahmaputra.
84. Assam has major river ports.
85. Guwahati is a major riverine port.
86. Assam has fertile valleys due to rivers.
87. Tea gardens influence settlement patterns.
88. Assam has both plains and hills.
89. Flood control is a major challenge.
90. Embankments are constructed along rivers.
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🏁 Exam-Ready Points
91. Assam’s geography is dominated by river systems.
92. Agriculture depends heavily on monsoon rainfall.
93. The Brahmaputra causes both fertility and floods.
94. Assam has rich natural resources.
95. Tea economy shapes Assam’s geography.
96. Forests play a key role in climate balance.
97. Assam’s wetlands support migratory birds.
98. Soil erosion is a major environmental issue.
99. Assam’s location makes it geopolitically important.
100. Geography of Assam strongly influences its culture and economy.
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Assam Geography – Test Yourself (20 MCQs)
Guwahati
Jorhat
Dispur
Tezpur
Barak
Brahmaputra
Kopili
Manas
Ganga
Barak
Brahmaputra
Subansiri
Kamrup
Nagaon
Karbi Anglong
Dibrugarh
Nepal
Myanmar
Bangladesh
China
Brahmaputra Valley
Barak Valley
Karbi Plateau
Kopili Valley
Desert
Mediterranean
Humid Subtropical
Polar
Manas
Orang
Kaziranga
Dibru-Saikhowa
Diphu
Haflong
Boko
Udalguri
Zone II
Zone III
Zone IV
Zone V
Black soil
Laterite soil
Alluvial soil
Sandy soil
Rice
Tea
Jute
Wheat
Sone Beel
Deepor Beel
Urpod Beel
Chandubi Beel
Aravalli
Patkai Hills
Satpura
Vindhya
Kopili
Manas
Barak
Dhansiri
Western Disturbances
Monsoon Winds
Cyclones
Trade Winds
Bogibeel Bridge
Saraighat Bridge
Kolia Bhomora Bridge
Dhola-Sadiya Bridge
Tinsukia
Nalbari
Barpeta
Dhubri
Sagar
Elephanta
Majuli
Diu
Thorn Forest
Alpine Forest
Tropical Evergreen Forest
Mangrove Forest